Winter can be tough on pets, especially in cold climates where snow, ice, and freezing temperatures create risks that are easy to overlook. While some pets love the cold, others are far more vulnerable than many owners realize. A few simple precautions can make a big difference in keeping your pet safe, comfortable, and healthy through the winter months.
Not All Pets Handle Cold the Same Way
A pet’s tolerance for cold depends on more than just fur. Age, size, breed, health status, and body condition all play a role.
Small dogs, senior pets, puppies, kittens, and short-haired breeds lose body heat quickly. Pets with arthritis, heart disease, kidney disease, or diabetes may struggle more in winter, even indoors. Cats that usually roam outside are also at higher risk once temperatures drop.
If your pet is shivering, lifting paws off the ground, moving stiffly, or reluctant to go outside, they are likely too cold.
Limit Time Outdoors
Cold temperatures can affect pets faster than people expect. Frostbite and hypothermia can occur even during short outings in extreme cold.
Keep walks shorter during freezing weather and avoid lingering outside. If your pet needs extra time to relieve themselves, consider multiple short trips instead of one long one. Outdoor pets should always have access to warm, insulated shelter, fresh unfrozen water, and protection from wind.
Pets should never be left in cars during winter. Cold cars can become dangerously cold just as quickly as hot cars become overheated in summer.
Protect Paws From Ice and Chemicals
Snow and ice can cause painful cracking, burns, and injuries to paw pads. De-icing products and road salt can also be toxic if licked off paws.
Wipe your pet’s paws and belly after walks to remove ice, salt, and chemicals. Booties can provide excellent protection, especially for dogs that walk on treated sidewalks. If booties are not an option, applying a pet-safe paw balm before walks can help prevent cracking.
Watch for limping, excessive licking of paws, or redness between toes, as these can be signs of injury or irritation.
Watch for Hidden Winter Hazards
Antifreeze is especially dangerous in winter. Even small amounts can be fatal if ingested, and its sweet taste makes it appealing to pets. Clean up spills immediately and store products securely.
Ice-covered lakes and ponds can also pose serious risks. Pets can fall through thin ice, putting both the pet and owner in danger. Keep pets on a leash near frozen bodies of water unless you are certain the ice is safe.
Adjust Nutrition and Hydration
Pets may burn more calories trying to stay warm, especially if they spend time outdoors. Some pets may need slight dietary adjustments in winter, while others become less active and need fewer calories. Your veterinarian can help determine what is right for your pet.
Hydration is just as important in cold weather. Heated indoor air can be very drying, and outdoor water bowls can freeze quickly. Make sure your pet always has access to fresh water.
Keep Pets Comfortable Indoors
Cold floors and drafts can worsen arthritis and joint pain. Provide warm bedding, especially for senior pets. Orthopedic beds or elevated beds can help keep pets off cold surfaces.
Avoid placing beds near doors, windows, or heating vents. Sudden temperature changes can be uncomfortable and stressful.
Winter Grooming Still Matters
While it may be tempting to let your pet’s coat grow unchecked, regular grooming remains important. Mats trap moisture, which can make pets colder and increase skin irritation.
Trim fur around paws to prevent ice buildup, and continue routine nail trims to help with traction on slippery surfaces.
Know the Signs of Cold-Related Illness
Hypothermia and frostbite are medical emergencies. Seek veterinary care immediately if you notice:
- Shivering that does not stop
- Lethargy or weakness
- Pale or cold skin, especially on ears, tail, or paws
- Swelling, blisters, or skin discoloration
Early treatment can prevent serious complications.
A Little Preparation Goes a Long Way
Winter does not have to be dangerous for pets. With a few thoughtful adjustments, you can help your pet stay safe, comfortable, and active throughout the cold months.
If you have questions about winter care, arthritis management, or whether your pet needs extra protection this season, your veterinary team can help you create a plan tailored to your pet’s needs.